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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 parts, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the construction itself, which can be constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created out of earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To build their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest contractors, as they only dwell inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the intestine of their termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests known as polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form numerous nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests seem to be less frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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For instance, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, since the diameter of the tunnels is little enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and can be used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 ft ) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive forms, like the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound you can look here to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that start in the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher my sources humidity, so these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, especially ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and permit employees to collect food sources that cannot be accessed in any other way.197 All these passageways are made from dirt and faeces and are normally brown in colour.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in diameter, but might extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their own wood-eating customs, many termite species can do significant damage to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable supply of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are seriously damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall that protects them in your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.